Biventricular Pacing in Heart Failure

Rationale for multi-site biventricular pacing to treat refractory heart failure
J. Claude Daubert, Christine Alonso, Philippe Mabo, Christophe Leclerq.
Département de Cardiologie et Maladies Vasculaires, Centre Cardio-Pneumologique, Hôpital Pontchaillou - CHU, Rennes, France

Retrograde venography of the coronary sinus in candidates to left ventricular pacing
Roberto Neri, Antonio Silvio Cesario, Piero Palermo, Daniela Baragli, Maria Luisa d’Ettorre, Sergio Cavaglia*, Giancarlo Gambelli.
Division of Cardiology G.B. Grassi Hospital, Rome, *Medtronic Italia, Rome, Italy

Progress in Mapping of Cardiac Arrhythmias (part I)

Atrial and ventricular mapping using basket electrode catheter
Peter Rakovec, Matjaž Šinkovec, Silvia Samarin.
Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia

An objective measure of the local organization of human atrial fibrillation from right atrium basket catheter bipolar electrograms
Antonio Michelucci, Piero Bartolini*, Luigi Padeletti, Giovanni Calacagnini*, Andrea Colella, Francesca Censi, Sandra Morelli*, Alessandro Costoli, Paolo Pieragnoli, Silvio Vena, Vincenzo Barbaro*, Gian Franco Gensini.
Istituto di Clinica Medica e Cardiologia, Universita di Firenze, *Laboratorio di Ingegneria Biomedica, ISS, Roma, Italy

New multipurpose amagnetic catheter and method for non-fluoroscopic high resolution monophasic action potential mapping guided by magnetic source imaging (MSI)
Riccardo Fenici, Donatella Brisinda, Maria Pia Ruggieri, Peter Fenici.
Clinical Physiology, Biomagnetism Research Center, Catholic University, Rome, Italy

Modern Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias

Severe ventricular arrhythmias caused by occult inflammatory left ventricular aneurysms
Cristina Chimenti, Maurizio Pieroni, Fulvio Bellocci, Andrea Frustaci.
Cardiology Institute, Catholic University, Rome, Italy

Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias: modern approach
Leo A. Bockeria, Elena Z. Golukhova.
Bakoulev Scientific Centre for Cardio-vascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia

Ventricular tachycardia in Chagas’ heart disease
Ivan Mendoza, Federico Moleiro, Juan Marques, Francesca Misticchio, Alvaro Matheus, Freddy Rodríguez, Ivan Mendoza Britto, Julio Guerrero, Agustin Castellanos.
Section of Cardiology, Tropical Medicine Institute, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela, Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, USA

Progress in Cardiac Pacing (part III)

The first experience with the new Biotronik coronary sinus designed lead
Andrzej Kutarski, Max Schaldach*, Maciej Wójcik, Krzysztof Oleszczak, Krzysztof Poleszak, Teresa Widomska-Czekajska.
Department of Cardiology, Medical University Academy, Lublin, Poland, *Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany

Coronary venous access using over the wire guiding catheter introduction
Roberto Neri, Antonio Silvio Cesario, Piero Palermo, Daniela Baragli, Maria Luisa d’Ettorre, Sergio Cavaglia, Giancarlo Gambelli.
Division of Cardiology G.B. Grassi Hospital, Rome, Italy

Effects of different modes of programmed DDD pacing on regional diastolic function: a pulsed-wave Doppler tissue imaging study
Antonello D’Andrea, Valentino Ducceschi*, Barbara Mercurio, Francesca Panico, Salvatore D’Isa, Pio Caso**, Berardo Sarubbi*, Gerardo Nigro, Biagio Liccardo, Lucio Santangelo, Aldo Iacono, Maurizio Cotrufo.
Universita Napoli, *Dottorato di Ricerca in Scienze Cardiologiche e Cardiochirurgiche - Seconda Universita Napoli, **Azienda Ospedaliera Monaldi, Napoli, Italy

Atrial Fibrillation: Management, Mapping, Catheter Ablation

Mapping of the atrial fibrillation: relevant observations to guide radiofrequency ablation
M. Adam, M. Pirrami, P. Franciosa, G. Carreras, M.G. Bendini, M. Ridarelli, G. Bagliani*, Annibale S. Montenero.
Cardiology Department, S. Maria Hospital, Terni, *Cardiology Dept., Foligno Hospital, Foligno, Italy

Ventricular rate control in chronic atrial fibrillation
Dubravko Petrac.
Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia

Is there a relationship between the linear atrial radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation and different parameters of intraatrial conduction time?
Ildiko J. Dobran, Heike Dees, Christian Perings, Marcus Hennersdorf, Ernst G. Vester.
Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany

New Insight into Repolarization Analysis (part II)

Prognostic value of QT dispersion with respect to Bayes theory of probability
Andrzej Dabrowski, Ryszard Piotrowicz, Elÿzbieta Kramarz.
Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Central Clinical Hospital MMA, Warsaw, Poland

Dynamic behaviour of QT dispersion. A 24-hour analysis of repolarization parameters
J.L. Alonso, P. Martinez*, X.Vinolas, M. Vallverdu*, M.V. Pitzalis**, W.Zareba***, P. Rizzon**, P. Caminal*, R.Jané*, P.Laguna****, A. Bayés de Luna.
Hospital Santa Creu i Santa Pau, Barcelona, Spain, *Dep. ESAII, Centre de Recerca en Enginyeria Biomedica, Univ. Politec. de Catalunya, **Institute of Cardiology, Univ. Bari, Italy; ***Univ. Rochester, USA; ****Dep. Ing. Electr.y Comunic., Univ. Zaragoza, Spain

Changes in ventricular repolarization following balloon valvuloplasty and angioplasty for aortic stenosis and coartaction of aorta: evidence for mechano-electrical feedback in humans
Berardo Sarubbi*°, Giuseppe Pacileo*, Valentino Ducceschi*°, Maria Giovanna Russo*, Carlo Pisacane*, Raimondo Calvanese*, Giuseppe Santoro*, Maurizio Cotrufo°, Raffaele Calabro*°.
*Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Second University of Naples, Monaldi Hospital, °Second University of Naples, Italy, Research Doctorate in “Cardiological and Cardiosurgical Sciences”

QT interval dynamicity in patients with previous myocardial infarction and impaired vs preserved left ventricular function
Nicolo Franchetti Pardo, Alessandro Mezzani, Gabriele Iraghi, Umberto Parravicini, Marco Zanetta.
Divisione di Cardiologia, Ospedale S.S. Trinita, Borgomanero, Italy

Technological Progresses in Electrophysiology

A novel microcatheter approach to the ablation of atrial fibrillation: safety and feasibility in 43 patients
Michelle Adam, Zoltan Csanadi, Claudio Tondo, Paolo Della Bella, Roberto De Ponti, Jorge A. Salerno, George Theodorakis, Ernst G. Vester, Annibale Sandro Montenero, for the REVELATION™.
European Atrial Fibrillation Group

Angiographic study of the coronary sinus: usefulness for electrophysiologic purposes
Matteo Di Biase, Giovanni Mavilio, Vincenzo Raddato, Riccardo Ieva, Luigi Ziccardi.
Unita Operativa di Cardiologia Universitadegli Studi, Foggia, Italy

How to predict and avoid complete AV block complicating radiofrequency ablation of AV nodal slow pathway
Pietro Delise, Aldo Bonso*, Leonardo Coro, Mauro Fantinel, Gianni Gasparini*, Antonio Raviele*.
Operative Units of Cardiology, Hospitals of Feltre and *Mestre, Italy

Growth hormone (GH) acute effects on electrophysiological cardiac parameters in humans
Cristoforo D’Ascia, Antonio Cittadini, Giuseppe Riccio, Luigi De Vito, Salvatore Longobardi, Salvatore Luca D’Ascia, Carlo Pappone*, Luigi Sacca.
Department of Internal Medicine, “Federico II” University Medical School Naples, *San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy

ICD and Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death

An update on clinical trials for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death
Adam Zivin, Gust H. Bardy.
University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, USA

How MUSTT responds to the objections to MADIT
Seah Nisam.
Guidant Corporation, Belgium

New Frontiers of Atrial Fibrillation: Internal Pharmacological Cardioversion

Atrial fibrillation: pharmacological cardioversion via the coronary sinus. Experimental investigation forecasting an implantable device
Leonardo Cammilli, Avio Maria Perna, Federico Perna, Gino Grassi, Francesco Cammilli, Giuseppe Vergara*, Francesco Furlanello**.
Experimental Cardiology, Careggi Hospital, Firenze, *Cardiological Dept, Rovereto, **Cardiological and Arrhythmological Dept., Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy

Chemical atrial defibrillation using minimal doses of antiarrhythmic drug delivered in the temporarily occluded coronary sinus. First clinical experience and implications for an implantable device
Giuseppe Vergara, Domenico Catanzariti, Fulvio Cozzi, Roberto Accardi, Walter Spagnolli, Leonardo Cammilli*.
Division of Cardiology, S.Maria del Carmine Hospital, Rovereto, *Cardiac Surgery Lab., USL10D, Firenze, Italy

Acquired Long QT Syndrome

Acquired QT syndrome. The mechanistic background
Wilhelm Haverkamp, Paulus Kirchhof, Lars Eckardt, Gerold Mönnig, Martin Borggrefe, Günter Breithardt.
Hospitalof the Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Department of Cardiology and Angiology and Institute for Arteriosclerosis Research, Münster, Germany

Acquired long QT syndrome
Yee Guan Yap, A. John Camm.
British Heart Foundation Research Fellow in Cardiology, Department of Cardiological Sciences, St. George’s Hospital Medical School, London, UK

Genetic screening of different forms of congenital cardiomyopathies
Domenico A. Coviello.
Servizio di Genetica Medica, Policlinico Universitario di Modena, Modena, Italy

Congenital Cardiomyopathies at Risk of Sudden Death

In search of the optimal algorithm for risk stratification of sudden cardiac death in the era of prophylactic ICD
Nabil El-Sherif, Gioia Turitto.
Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Health Science Center and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA

Effort polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias in patients affected by arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Barbara Bauce, Andrea Nava, Alessandra Rampazzo*, Luciano Daliento, Michela Muriago, Cristina Basso**, Gaetano Thiene**, Gian Antonio Danieli*.
Departments of Cardiology, *Biology and **Pathology, University of Padua, Italy

Clinical and prognostic implications of heart rate variability in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Antonio Dello Russo, Lucia De Luca, Cesare Santini*, Loredana Messano, Giuseppe De Martino, Vincenzo Giglio*, Fortunato Mangiola*, Enzo Ricci*, Antonello Damiani*, Gaetano Antonio Lanza, Fulvio Bellocci.
Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Health Science Center and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA Istituto di Cardiologia, Universita Cattolica, *Centro per le Malattie Neuromuscolari, Unione Italiana Lotta alla Distrofia Muscolare, Rome, Italy

Among congenital cardiomyopathies with a peripheral myopathy, Steinert’s cardiomyopathy shows the highest risk of sudden death. Clinical evaluation and follow-up of five families
Franco Naccarella*, Fabio Iachetti***, Giovannina Lepera, Antonella Bartoletti, Sandra Gabellini**, Mauro Gatti, Mario Coluccini, Patrizia Bertaccini****, Giuseppe Novelli***, Bruno Dallapiccola***.
*Cardiology Department, Azienda USL della Citta di Bologna, Bologna, **Neurology, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, ***Human Genetic, Universities of Tor Vergata and La Sapienza, Roma, ****Opthalmology Department, University of Bologna, Italy

Progress in Mapping of Cardiac Arrhythmias (part II)

Human atrial activation mapping: the role of structure and ultrastructure
Prapa Kanagaratnam, Vias Markides, Dominic W.Lamb, Richard J.Schilling, D. Wyn Davies, Anthony W.C. Chow, Pravina Patel, Nicholas S. Peters.
St Mary’s Hospital and Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK

Non-contact mapping. How does this affect our ability to ablate difficult arrhythmias?
Anthony W.C. Chow, Richard J. Schilling, Nicholas S. Peters, D.Wyn Davies.
Imperial College School of Medicine and St. Mary’s Hospital, London, UK

Non contact mapping to guide catheter ablation of untolerated ventricular tachycardia
Paolo Della Bella, Augusto Pappalardo*, Claudio Tondo, Corrado Carbucicchio, Stefania Riva.
Centro Cardiologico “Monzino”, Istituto di Cardiologia, Universita degli Studi di Milano, * Dipartimento di Cardioscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy

Electrophysiology Substrate, Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

The electrophysiologic substrate in patients with idiopathic atrial fibrillation
Richard N.W. Hauer, Hemanth Ramanna.
Heart-Lung Institute, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Arrhythmias in Athletes (part II)

Evaluation of syncope in the athlete
Brian Olshansky.
Section of Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, USA

QT dispersion in elite athletes with and without ventricular arrhythmias
Alessandro Biffi, Luisa Verdile, Antonio Pelliccia, Antonio Spataro, Fredrick Fernando, Giuseppe Marcello, Roberto Ciardo, Giovanni Caselli.
Sport Science Institute, Department of Medicine, CONI, Rome, Italy

Prognostic valueof ventricular tachyarrhythmias in middle-aged trained subjects without clinical evidence of any cardiac disease
Umberto Guiducci, Antonio Manari, Giovanni Tortorella, Corrado Tomasi, Vincenzo Guiducci.
Cardiology Unit, Arcispedale “S. Maria Nuova”, Reggio Emilia, Italy

Arrhythmias in athletes
Paolo Manetti, Maria Concetta Vono, Brunello Cappelli, Paola Zilli, Loira Toncelli, Carlo Rostagno, Giorgio Galanti.
Istituto di Clinica Medica Generale e Cardiologia, Centro Regionale di Riferimento di Medicina dello Sport, University of Florence, Italy

Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation: 1) Internal Defibrillation; 2) Role of TEE

Internal cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: efficacy and threshold determinants
Panos E. Vardas, Emmanuel M.Kanoupakis.
Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece

Technical issues to reduce atrial defibrillation threshold in low energy internal atrial cardioversion
Giuseppe Boriani, Mauro Biffi, Francesco Pergolini, Claudia Camanini, Ivan Corazza, Pietro Bartolini*, Vincenzo Barbaro*, Romano Zannoli, Angelo Branzi.
Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna, *Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy

Transesophageal echocardiography in cardioversion patients: is its role fully accepted?
Stefano De Castro, Maria Penco*, Federica Papetti, Domenico Cartoni, Rachele Adorisio**, Sergio Beni, Francesco Fedele**.
Dept. of Clinical Medicine, *Cardiology University of L’Aquila, **Dept. of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy

Brugada Syndrome and Beyond

Further evidence that “Brugada syndrome” can be due to arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy with disease locus in chromosome 14q24.3
Andrea Nava, Barbara Bauce, Alessandra Rampazzo**, Bortolo Martini***, Michela Muriago, Sergio Cannas***, Cristina Basso* Gaetano Thiene*, Gian Antonio Danieli**.
Departments of Cardiology, *Pathology and **Biology, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, ***Department of Cardiology, Thiene Hospital, Italy

Clinical evaluation and follow-up of patients with right bundle branch block and ST segment elevation in the right precordial leads
Maria Vittoria Pitzalis, Matteo Anaclerio, Giovanni Luzzi, Paolo Rizzon.
Istituto di Cardiologia, Universita di Bari, Italy

The syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation and sudden death: Nava-Martini or Brugada syndrome?
Bortolo Martini, Andrea Nava*, Sergio Cannas, Barbara Bauce*, Luisa Ruzza, Luciano Bassan, Michela Muriago*, Franco Naccarella**.
Unita Operative di Cardiologia, Ospedale di Thiene, *Universita di Padova, **Poliambulatorio Tiarini, Bologna, Italy

Accurate non invasive evaluation and genetic screening could help in differentiating congenital Brugada’s syndrome from the acquired one, secondary to right ventricular dysplasia cardiomyopathy
Franco Naccarella*, Giovannina Lepera, Fabio Iachetti, Antonella Bartoletti, Mauro Gatti, Mario Coluccini, Pietro Ticci***, Luigi Padeletti***, Andrea Nava**.
*Cardiology Department, Azienda USL della Citta di Bologna, Bologna, **Cardiology, University of Padova, ***Clinical Electrophysiology, Clinica Medica, University of Firenze, Italy

Progress in Pharmacological Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias (part II)

Home treatment of recent onset atrial fibrillation with a single oral loading dose of flecainide or propafenone: an efficacious, riproducibile and safe procedure
Nicola Baldi, Vitantonio Russo, Vincenzo Morrone, Leonardo Di Gregorio, Leonardo Liconso, Giovanni Polimeni.
Department of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera S.S. Annunziata, Taranto, Italy

Oral antiarrhythmic drugs for the termination of paroxysmal supraventricular reentrant tachycardia
Paolo Alboni, Corrado Tomasi*, Carlo Menozzi*, Nicola Bottoni*, Nelly Paparella, Giuseppe Fuca, Riccardo Cappato**, Michele Brignole***.
Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Civile, Cento, *Section of Arrhythmology, Department of Cardiology, Ospedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, **Medizinische Abteilung, AK St. George, Hamburg, Germany, ***Section of Arrhythmology, Department of Cardiology, Ospedali Riuniti, Lavagna, Italy

Effects of 200 mg sustained release diltiazem on ventricular rate control in chronic atrial fibrillation (D-D-CAF Study)
Marcello Chimienti, Vincenzo Santinelli*, Maurizio Moizi**, Gianluca Botto***, Serena Barbieri.
Polyclinic of Monza, Monza, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, *Department of Cardiology, University “Federico II”, Naples, **Division of Cardiology, Sondrio Hospital, Sondrio, ***Division of Cardiology, S. Anna Hospital, Como, Italy

Safety and effectiveness of a stepwise procedure for the treatment of atrial fibrillation based on clinical and echocardiographic criteria
Alessandro Carunchio, Luciano Pandolfo, Maurizio Burattini, Claudio Coletta, Andrea Porzio, Maria Margherita Martinelli, Alessandro Danesi, Vincenzo Ceci.
Cardiology division, Santo Spirito Hospital, Rome, Italy

Implantable Pacemakers and ICD. Interferences and Complications

Management of difficult cases of lead extraction
Maria Grazia Bongiorni, Ezio Soldati, Giuseppe Arena, Gherardo Gherarducci, Massimo Ratti, Mario Mariani.
Department of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera S.S. Annunziata, Taranto, Italy

Electromagnetic interference with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators
Maurizio Santomauro, Angelo Costanzo, Luca Ottaviano, Raffaele Cresta, Massimo Chiariello.
Department of cardiology and cardiac surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy

Progress in Classification and Diagnostic Aspects of Syncope

A new classification of the haemodynamics of vasovagal syncope. Analysis of the preparatory (pre-syncopal) phase of the tilt testing without and with nitroglycerin challenge
Carlo Menozzi, Michele Brignole*, Attilio Del Rosso**, Silvia Costa*, Germano Gaggioli*, Alberto Solano*, Nicola Bottoni, Paolo Bartoli**, Richard Sutton***.
Arrhythmologic Centre, Ospedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, *Arrhythmologic Centre, Ospedali Riuniti, Lavagna, **Department of Cardiology, Ospedale S. Pietro Igneo, Fucecchio, Italy, ***Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK

Clinical neuromediated syncope: risk factors for syncope recurrence after tilt-table testing in untreated patients
Giovanni Foglia Manzillo, MarioComelli*, GiovanniCorrado, GiorgioTadeo, Luca Mario Tagliagambe, Manuela Spata, Mauro Santarone.
Department of Cardiology, H. Valduce, Como and *Dpt. of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Pavia University, Pavia, Italy

Atrial Fibrillation: Prevention by Pacing

Pacing techniquesfor prevention and termination of atrial fibrillation: analysing mechanisms of efficacy and results of clinical trials
Sanjeev Saksena.
UMD-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick & Director, Arrhythmia and Pacemaker Service, Eastern Heart Institute-Atlantic Health Systems, Passaic, USA

Assessment of a new pacing algorithm after atrioventricular junction ablation and DDDR pacemaker implantation for drug-refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Alessandro Proclemer, Luigi Padeletti*, Carlo Pappone**, Domenico Facchin, Patrizio Mazzone**, Francesco Maggi***, Carlo De Michele***, Tiziana Marotta***.
Istituto di Cardiologia, Fondazione IRCAB, Udine, *Istituto di Cardiologia, Universita di Firenze, **Dipartimentodi Cardiologia, Istituto San Raffaele, Milano, ***Medtronic, Inc., Italy

Haemodynamic and Electrophysiological Consequences of Recurrent Atrial Fibrillation (part II)

Electrical remodeling in humans
Claudio Pandozi, Filippo Lamberti, Antonio Castro, Leonardo Calo, Massimo Santini.
Division of Cardiology, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy

Mechanical “stunning” of the left atrium following catheter ablation of chronic atrial flutter
Paul B. Spark, Jonathan M.Kalman.
Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia

Genetic Molecular Basis of Arrhythmias

Ion channel diseases and sudden cardiac death
Silvia G. Priori, Marina Cerrone.
Molecular Cardiology Laboratories, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Policlinico S.Matteo IRCCS, Pavia, Italy

Molecular pathology of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia
Gaetano Thiene, Cristina Basso, Fiorella Calabrese, Marialuisa Valente.
Department of Pathology, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy

Ischemic Heart Diseases and Arrhythmias

Concomitant heart disease. Coronary disease and arrhythmias
Leo A. Bockeria, Elena Z.Golukhova.
Bakoulev Scientific Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia

Transesophageal atrial pacing with different electrodes for initiation of late potential in patients after acute myocardial infarction
Matthias Heinke, Helmut Kühnert, Frank-Michael Malur, Ralf Surber, Gundrun Dannberg, Hans-Reiner Figulla.
University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, Jena, Germany

Arrhythmias and “Non Classic” Antiarrhythmic Drugs

The antiarrhythmic properties of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers
Pablo I. Altieri, María Crespo, Nelson Escobales, José F. Rodríguez, Héctor Banch.
Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico

Non cardiovascular drugs’ proarrhythmic effect
Teodomiro Lanzetta, Nedo Svetoni, Gennaro Miracapillo*.
Cardiovascular Lab, Grosseto, *UO Malattie Cardiovascolari, Ospedale Misericordia, Grosseto, Italy

New Insight into Atrial Flutter RF Catheter Ablation

Is there an isthmus and a Koch’s triangle in the right atrium?
Saroja Bharati.
Maurice Lev Congenital Heart and Conduction System Center, The Heart Institute for Children, Hope Children’s Hospital, Christ Hospital and Medical Center, Oak Lawn, Rush Medical College, Rush University, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center, Chicago, Finch University of Health Sciences, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA

Double potential unipolar recording during RF ablation of typical atrial flutter:theoretical and practical implications
Domenico Catanzariti, Fulvio Cozzi, Walter Spagnolli, Roberto Accardi, Ferdinando Imperadore, Giovanni Morani, Giuseppe Bonadies, Giuseppe Vergara.
Division of Cardiology, S. Maria del Carmine Hospital, Rovereto, Italy

Combined pharmacological and ablative therapy of IC drug induced atrial flutter during treatment of atrial fibrillation
Sakis Themistoclakis, Aldo Bonso, Gianni Gasparini, Franco Giada, Andrea Corrado, Andrea Lopresti, Antonio Raviele.
Division of Cardiology, Umberto I Hospital, Mestre-Venice, Italy

Biventricular Pacing and ICD

Biventricular pacing: role of ICD
Fiorenzo Gaita, Mario Bocchiardo, Luigi Padeletti*, Cristina Porciani*, Marco Scaglione, Alessandro Costoli*, Laura Vivalda.
Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Civile of Asti, *Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Careggi, Firenze, Italy

New concepts of dual-chamber or biventricular pacing therapy in patients with life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias
Hans-Joachim Trappe, Michael Achtelik, Petra Pfitzner, Bernward Voigt, Peter Weismüller.
Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany

Non Invasive Risk Stratification for Cardiac Arrhythmias

New algorithm for T wave alternans analysis in Holter recordings
Xavier Vinolas, Salvador Olmos**, Jose L. Alonso, Pere Caminal*, Pablo Laguna**, AntonioBayés de Luna.
Cardiology Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, *Centre de Recerca Bioengenieria, Universitat Barcelona, **Facultad Ingenieria, Universidad Zaragoza, Spain

Noninvasive estimation of atrial fibrillatory rate as an index of atrial refractoriness. Short and long-term intra-individual variability following physiological and pharmacological interventions
S. Bertil Olsson, M.Ph. Ingemansson, C.-J. Lindholm, C. Meurling, M. Stridh, L. Sörnmo.
Depts of Cardiology and Applied Electronics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Heart graft recipient monitoring using telemetrically recorded ventricular evoked response
Véronique Mahaux, Jean Claude Demoulin, Guenter Schreier*, Raymond Limet, Henri Kulbertus.
University of Liege, Belgium, *University of Graz, Austria